SQL with PipesSQL
Pipes in SQL via psql extension created by Yannick Welsch
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install psql from community; load psql; from 'https://sampledata.sidequery.ai/earthquakes.parquet' |> limit 10000 |> where status = 'Reviewed' |> select data_type, avg(depth), avg(magnitudo) group by all;
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Kernel Density Estimation - Epanechnikov KernelSQL
KDE estimates the probability distribution of a random variable. The bandwidth parameter controls the width of the kernel, influencing how smooth or detailed the estimated density curve is. A smaller bandwidth results in a more detailed estimation, while a larger bandwidth produces a smoother curve.
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CREATE OR REPLACE MACRO KDE_EPANECH(data, varnum, bandwidth, bin_count := 30) AS TABLE WITH hist AS ( FROM histogram_values(data, varnum, bin_count := bin_count) ) SELECT hist.bin, k.kernel_value FROM hist, LATERAL ( SELECT 100 * AVG( IF(abs(hist.bin - varnum) / bandwidth < 1, 0.75 * (1 - POW(abs(hist.bin - varnum) / bandwidth, 2)) / bandwidth, 0)) AS kernel_value FROM query_table(data) ) k ORDER BY hist.bin ; -- Following David Scott's rule, here is an estimate for bandwidth: CREATE OR REPLACE MACRO KDE_BANDWIDTH(data, varnum) AS ( FROM query_table(data) SELECT 1.06 * stddev(varnum) * pow(count(*), -1/5) ); -- Usage SET VARIABLE bandwidth = (SELECT KDE_BANDWIDTH(mydata, myvarnum)) ; FROM KDE_EPANECH(mydata, myvarnum, getvariable('bandwidth')) ; -- Inspiration and illustration: https://observablehq.com/@d3/kernel-density-estimation
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Load content from Strapi CMS REST API to Parquet fileSQL
A nice trick to load data from Strapi CMS. The Api Token can be obtained in the Settings menu of Strapi. A nice way to let users maintain reference data using the CMS and be able to use it directly in DuckDB. Should work for both Strapi self-hosted and cloud.
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INSTALL httpfs; LOAD httpfs; CREATE SECRET http ( TYPE HTTP, EXTRA_HTTP_HEADERS MAP { 'Authorization': 'Bearer [Api Token]' } ); -- Replace strapi.mydomain.com with your Strapi URL and replace `pets` with your content type COPY (SELECT unnest(data, recursive:= true) FROM read_json_auto('https://strapi.mydomain.com/api/pets')) TO 'pets.parquet';
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Reading a fixed-width file in DuckDBSQL
Fixed-width files can be little difficult but IF you consider each line of data as a string which you can attack with duckdb and substr() its not that difficult ;)
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CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE example_table AS SELECT CAST(substr(line, 1, 4) AS INTEGER) AS activity_year, CAST(substr(line, 5, 10) AS VARCHAR(10)) AS lei_or_respondent_id, CAST(substr(line, 15, 1) AS CHAR(1)) AS agency_code, CAST(substr(line, 16, 1) AS CHAR(1)) AS loan_type, CAST(substr(line, 17, 1) AS CHAR(1)) AS loan_purpose, CAST(substr(line, 18, 1) AS CHAR(1)) AS occupancy_type FROM (SELECT column0 AS line FROM read_csv('data.txt', AUTO_DETECT=TRUE, skip=1));
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Query an Authenticated API EndpointSQL
Hit an endpoint that needs an API key. In this case, Stripe. The demo uses a public test stripe API key from the Stripe docs
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CREATE SECRET http ( TYPE HTTP, EXTRA_HTTP_HEADERS MAP { 'Authorization': 'Bearer sk_test_VePHdqKTYQjKNInc7u56JBrQ' } ); select unnest(data) as customers from read_json('https://api.stripe.com/v1/customers');
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Discretize numeric column following specified thresholdsSQL
discretize() converts a numeric column into discrete ordered ids, taking into account a list of thresholds.
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CREATE OR REPLACE MACRO discretize(v, l) AS ( WITH t1 AS ( SELECT unnest(list_distinct(l)) as j ), t2 AS ( SELECT COUNT(*) + 1 c FROM t1 WHERE try_cast(j AS float) <= v ) FROM t2 SELECT IF(v IS NULL, NULL, c) ) ; --Usage FROM 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/thewiremonkey/factbook.csv/master/data/c2127.csv' SELECT name, value, discretize(value, [2,3,4,5]) AS class ;
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KMeans on one dimensional data with recursive CTESQL
Compute kmeans thresholds from a table with 2 columns : id (unique) and numeric. Outputs a list. Easy to extend to 2 dimensions data (x,y).
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CREATE FUNCTION kmeans(tname, idcol_name, numcol_name, bins:=5, maxiter:=100) AS ( WITH RECURSIVE clusters(iter, cid, x) AS ( WITH t1 AS (FROM query_table(tname) SELECT idcol_name AS id, numcol_name AS x) (SELECT 0, id, x FROM t1 LIMIT bins-1) UNION ALL SELECT iter + 1, cid, avg(px) FROM ( SELECT iter, cid, p.x as px, rank() OVER (PARTITION BY p.id ORDER BY (p.x-c.x)^2, c.x^2) r FROM t1 p, clusters c ) x WHERE x.r = 1 and iter < maxiter GROUP BY ALL ) SELECT list(x) FROM (FROM clusters WHERE iter = maxiter ORDER BY x) ) ;
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Add a unique column (key) to an existing table in DuckDBSQL
We can use DuckDB's `SEQUENCE` to add a unique key to a table.Many source data files (such as CSV files) do not include a unique key.
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CREATE TABLE tbl (s VARCHAR); INSERT INTO tbl VALUES ( 'hello'),('world'); CREATE SEQUENCE id_sequence; ALTER TABLE tbl ADD COLUMN id INTEGER DEFAULT nextval ('id_sequence'); SELECT * FROM tbl;
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