Detect Schema Changes Across Datasets (Python)Python
Compare the schema of two datasets and identify any differences.
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import duckdb def compare_schemas(file1, file2): """ Compare schemas of two datasets and find differences. Args: file1 (str): Path to the first dataset (CSV/Parquet). file2 (str): Path to the second dataset (CSV/Parquet). Returns: list: Schema differences. """ con = duckdb.connect() schema1 = con.execute(f"DESCRIBE SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('{file1}')").fetchall() schema2 = con.execute(f"DESCRIBE SELECT * FROM read_csv_auto('{file2}')").fetchall() return {"file1_schema": schema1, "file2_schema": schema2} # Example Usage differences = compare_schemas("data1.csv", "data2.csv") print(differences)
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Remove Duplicate Records from a CSV File (Bash)Bash
This function helps clean up a dataset by identifying and removing duplicate records. It’s especially useful for ensuring data integrity before analysis.
Execute this Bash
#!/bin/bash function remove_duplicates() { input_file="$1" # Input CSV file with duplicates output_file="$2" # Deduplicated output CSV file # Use DuckDB to remove duplicate rows and write the cleaned data to a new CSV file. duckdb -c "COPY (SELECT DISTINCT * FROM read_csv_auto('$input_file')) TO '$output_file' (FORMAT CSV, HEADER TRUE);" } #Usage remove_duplicates "input_data.csv" "cleaned_data.csv"
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Query JSON files Using SQL in PythonPython
DuckDB supports querying JSON files directly, enabling seamless analysis of semi-structured data. This script lets you apply SQL queries to JSON files within a Python environment, ideal for preprocessing or exploring JSON datasets.
Execute this Python
import duckdb def query_json(file_path, query): """ Query JSON data directly using DuckDB. Args: file_path (str): Path to the JSON file. query (str): SQL query to execute on the JSON data. Returns: pandas.DataFrame: Query results as a Pandas DataFrame. """ con = duckdb.connect() # Execute the query on the JSON file and fetch the results as a Pandas DataFrame. df = con.execute(f"SELECT * FROM read_json_auto('{file_path}') WHERE {query}").df() return df # Example Usage result = query_json("./json/query_20min.json", "scheduled = true") print(result)
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read_dsv() -> Parse properly separated CSV files
I tend to prefer using the ASCII unit (\x1f) and group separator (\x1e) as resp. column and line delimiters in CSVs (which technically no longer makes them a CSV). The read_csv function doesn't seem to want to play nice with these, so here's my attempt at a workaround.
Marco definitionSQL
-- For more info on DSVs (I'm not the author): https://matthodges.com/posts/2024-08-12-csv-bad-dsv-good/ CREATE OR REPLACE MACRO read_dsv(path_spec) AS TABLE ( with _lines as ( select filename ,regexp_split_to_array(content, '\x1e') as content from read_text(path_spec ) ) , _cleanup as ( select filename ,regexp_split_to_array(content[1],'\x1f') as header ,generate_subscripts(content[2:],1) as linenum ,unnest((content[2:]).list_filter(x -> trim(x) != '').list_transform(x -> x.regexp_split_to_array('\x1f'))) as line from _lines ) select filename ,linenum ,unnest(map_entries(map(header, line)), recursive := true) as kv from _cleanup );
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UsageSQL
-- You can use the same path specification as you would with read_text or read_csv, this includes globbing. -- Trying to include the pivot statement in the macro isn't possible, as you then have to explicitly define the column values (which defeats the purpose of this implementation) pivot read_dsv("C:\Temp\csv\*.csv") on key using first(value) group by filename, linenum order by filename, linenum
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Label columns based on source tableSQL
Commonly, tables that are joined together have overlapping column names. This snippet will rename all columns to have a prefix based on the source table. No more duplicate names! This is similar to the Pandas join feature of lsuffix and rsuffix.
Execute this SQL
SELECT COLUMNS(t1.*) AS 't1_\0', COLUMNS(t2.*) AS 't2_\0' FROM range(10) t1 JOIN range(10) t2 ON t1.range = t2.range
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Generate series of numbers in DuckDB
DuckDB has two common ways to generate a series of numbers: the range() function and the generate_series() function. They differ only in that the generate_series() function has a 'stop' value that's inclusive, while the 'stop' value of range() is exclusive.
generate_series with inclusive stop valueSQL
// generate_series(start, stop, step) // get all even numbers, starting at 0 up to and including 100 SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100,2);
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range with exclusive stop valueSQL
// range(start, stop, step) // get all even numbers, starting at 0 up to and including 98 SELECT * FROM range(0,100,2);
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Generate range() as arraySQL
// Using range() as a column value instead of a table // in your SQL statement will return an array of the // numbers in the range SELECT range(0,100,2)
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